Command-Line Execution, Products, and Migration

This reference explains reviewed execution plans. Bundled helpers never launch MATLAB, GNU Octave, MATLAB Engine, MEX, a compiler, or any subprocess.

Authorization gate

Before execution, confirm all of the following:

1. every .m file is trusted and statically reviewed;
2. no unreviewed .mlx, .fig, .mlapp, MEX, MAT object, project action, startup file, package, or generated artifact is reachable;
3. inputs and outputs are strict local paths with bounds and overwrite policy;
4. runtime, exact release, architecture, required products, and license are confirmed;
5. shell/native/Java/.NET/Python/code-generation surfaces are approved;
6. network, credentials, displays, and external services are understood;
7. the planned argv is shown to the user and execution is explicitly approved.

Static scan findings are not proof of safety. Never execute a file solely to discover what it does.

MATLAB R2026a -batch

MathWorks recommends -batch for noninteractive command-line workflows. Conceptually, an approved plan looks like:

["matlab", "-batch", "run('/reviewed/project/main.m')"]

This is argv, not an instruction to run untrusted code.

Official R2026a behavior:

• starts without the desktop or splash screen;
• executes the quoted statement noninteractively;
• logs text to standard output/error;
• disables settings changes and toolbox caching;
• can display figures unless paired with -noFigureWindows or -nodisplay;
• exits automatically with code 0 on success and nonzero on failure;
• errors if code requests interactive dialog input (except supported app-test fixtures);
• must not be combined with -r;
• requires the target to be in the startup folder or on the MATLAB path.

Use -sd <reviewed-folder> to set the initial folder. Do not embed untrusted text in a MATLAB statement. Prefer a fixed function name and JSON-validated scalar/list arguments converted by the planner.

MATLAB startup still matters. On Linux, the launcher processes .matlab7rc.sh; MATLAB also runs matlabrc.m and the first executable startup on its path. finish.m can run at normal exit. A MATLAB Project can add paths and run startup/shutdown actions. -sd is not a security sandbox.

-r is for interactive workflows and has not been recommended for noninteractive use since R2019a. Older -r "...; exit" patterns are easier to hang or mask errors.

Nonexecuting batch planner

python scripts/plan_batch_command.py matlab script src/main.m --root .
python scripts/plan_batch_command.py matlab function src/analyze.m \
  --root . --arg-json '{"value": 3}'
python scripts/plan_batch_command.py matlab tests tests/TestAnalyze.m --root .

The planner:

• validates a single .m target under --root;
• rejects symlinks, URLs, traversal, .mlx, MEX, and oversized paths;
• validates MATLAB identifiers and JSON values;
• returns argv, a MATLAB statement, assumptions, and warnings;
• marks executes=false;
• never checks PATH, calls a runtime, reads credentials, or spawns a process.

JSON objects become scalar structs, including fields containing empty or heterogeneous lists; the constructor wraps each field value in a scalar cell to prevent struct-array expansion. Numeric rectangular lists become numeric arrays. String lists become MATLAB string arrays or Octave cell arrays of character vectors; other lists become cells. JSON null becomes [] and an empty list becomes {}. Octave strings use single quotes with doubled internal apostrophes, preserving literal backslashes. Review these shapes before use.

GNU Octave 11.3.0 plans

The current manual documents:

• --eval/-e to evaluate code and exit;
• a filename argument to execute a script and exit;
• --no-gui, --quiet, and --no-history;
• --no-init-all/--norc to skip system and user initialization;
• --path to add a narrow function path;
• --no-window-system to disable graphics entirely.

For deterministic reviewed plans, prefer --no-init-all --no-history --quiet --no-gui. Use --no-window-system only when graphics are not needed. Octave also has site, version, user, local .octaverc, and MATLAB-compatible startup.m files; skipping them changes expected user configuration and must be a conscious choice.

Octave does not implement MATLAB -batch, Projects, or matlab.unittest. Its BIST test function and %!test blocks are different. Do not use an Octave result as proof that MATLAB code, graphics, toolboxes, or deployment will behave identically.

Functions, scripts, and test entry points

For automation:

• prefer a main function with explicit inputs/outputs;
• keep scripts free of base-workspace assumptions;
• avoid current-folder dependence and broad path mutation;
• return status through tests/errors rather than calling exit inside library code;
• place all output under a reviewed output root;
• do not request interactive input.

R2026a runtests automatically opens and closes a project when tests belong to a project not already open. Review project startup/shutdown behavior before using it.

Base MATLAB has matlab.unittest; parallel execution requires Parallel Computing Toolbox. Advanced dependency selection, dashboards, generated tests, coverage/equivalence features can require MATLAB Test or other products.

Required products and license boundaries

Separate four questions:

1. Static dependency: Which products might code reference?
2. Installation: Which products/add-ons are installed?
3. Entitlement: Which licenses may this user/system use?
4. Checkout: Which licenses are available for this run?

matlab.codetools.requiredFilesAndProducts and Dependency Analyzer address the first question imperfectly. license("inuse") observes only products used on executed paths and itself requires launching MATLAB. None grants a license.

Do not automatically install MATLAB or a toolbox. Downloads, installers, network-license configuration, and unattended automation are governed by the user's MathWorks account, administrator, and license terms. The R2026a Program Offering Guide has specific automation-server and external-application terms; do not paraphrase it as legal permission.

Compiler and generated-code boundaries

• MATLAB Compiler creates standalone/web applications that run with a release-compatible MATLAB Runtime.
• MATLAB Compiler SDK creates components for external languages.
• MATLAB Coder generates C/C++ source from supported MATLAB.
• GPU Coder, Simulink Coder, Embedded Coder, support packages, and target toolchains are separate products/capabilities.
• A platform C/C++/Fortran compiler may also be required and must appear in the current supported-compiler table.

Building requires MATLAB plus the compiler/code-generation product and all products used by the source. Deployed applications can use MATLAB Runtime under applicable terms, but Runtime does not execute arbitrary .m code and cannot host MATLAB Engine for Python. Generated code must be verified; compiler success is not scientific validation.

Never compile untrusted MATLAB, MEX, C/C++, model, or package input.

CI design

A safe CI design uses:

• a pinned supported MATLAB release/update and platform;
• an administrator-approved license configuration;
• a reviewed project with no hidden startup action;
• immutable source and hashed inputs;
• a nonexecuting plan checked before the actual runner;
• bounded time/memory/output and no interactive dialogs;
• test results and logs that avoid environment/credential dumps;
• product and license failures distinguished from test failures;
• release notes and bug reports checked for the exact products.

MathWorks provides CI integrations, but their presence does not include MATLAB or grant a license.

Migration to R2026a

1. Run codeCompatibilityReport and Project Upgrade on reviewed code.
2. Run Code Analyzer and dependency analysis.
3. Review base MATLAB and every required product's R2026a release notes, compatibility considerations, supported platforms, compilers, Python, and bug reports.
4. Record reference outputs from the old release using justified tolerances.
5. Test startup/path behavior, data import, MAT files, graphics, Python, external interfaces, and deployment separately.
6. Check R2026a platform changes such as no new Intel Mac release.
7. Pilot before broad migration; retain rollback and provenance.

Notable base changes relevant to this skill include Python 3.13 support and environment management, Python string conversion, JSON table/timetable I/O, interactive HTML export, faster startup and selected kernels, and project-aware runtests. Read the release notes rather than assuming this list is complete.

Sources (reviewed 2026-10-01)

• [matlab on Linux and -batch](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/matlablinux.html)
• Startup Options
• Exit MATLAB
• Run Unit Tests
• [runtests R2026a behavior](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/runtests.html)
• Analyze Project Dependencies
• [requiredFilesAndProducts](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/matlab.codetools.requiredfilesandproducts.html)
• MATLAB Compiler
• MATLAB Runtime
• Supported Compilers
• Current system requirements
• Current Program Offering Guide
• MATLAB release notes
• Octave Command-Line Options
• Scalar struct construction
• Octave string escaping
• Octave Startup Files