DeepChem

When to use

Use for molecular property prediction, SMILES/graph featurization, MoleculeNet benchmarks and explicitly configured encoder transfer. The workflow also covers DeepChem materials and sequence adapters when their data/model contracts are met.

Targets DeepChem 2.8.0, still the stable PyPI release at review. Nightly 2.8.1 builds have additional APIs and different constraints; do not mix latest docs with a stable installation. The tested CPU stack and optional-backend limitations are in references/review.md.

Workflow

1. Define compound identity, assay conditions, target units and missing labels. Parse SMILES and retain a record of rejected rows. Audit duplicate structures and repeated measurements before splitting.
2. Match the representation to the model using the table below. Fit a numeric baseline first; dataset size alone does not select the best architecture.
3. Choose a scaffold, temporal or grouped holdout for the deployment question. Preserve exact split IDs, inspect scaffold overlap and per-task class support, and reject empty splits. Scaffold splitting does not eliminate all leakage.
4. Fit preprocessing on training data only. Preserve dataset.w masks. Normalize continuous targets only, and invert those transforms for metrics/predictions.
5. Select model settings/epochs on validation data and evaluate the final holdout once. Report per-task support, uncertainty across planned repeats and baseline comparisons. AUC requires both observed classes.
6. Predict using the training representation and transforms. Preserve identifiers, original target units and applicability limits. Successful fitting is not evidence of prospective scientific performance.

Essential model contracts

MoleculeNet's 'ECFP' alias is 1024 bits, while the fingerprint class defaults to 2048. 'GraphConv' is legacy ConvMolFeaturizer, incompatible with Torch GCN. 'Raw' defaults to RDKit Mol objects; use DummyFeaturizer() for raw strings. Import Torch MPNN/GROVER from deepchem.models.torch_models.

Stable HuggingFaceModel returns logits and its training loss ignores sample weights. The bundled HF transfer script accepts one fully observed, unweighted binary/regression task and rejects sparse multitask datasets. A model ID or model_dir is not itself a loaded pretrained model.

Installation

Use an isolated Python 3.11 environment, outside any repository environment whose Python requirement conflicts. This tested core stack supports the fingerprint, DMPNN, local HF and GROVER smoke paths:

uv venv --python 3.11 .venv-deepchem
uv pip install --python .venv-deepchem/bin/python \
  'deepchem==2.8.0' 'torch==2.14.1' 'transformers==5.18.0' \
  'torch-geometric==2.8.0.post1'

The CPU smoke checks used these versions, not GPU builds. For GPU training install the correct framework build according to its official platform instructions. GCN/GAT/AttentiveFP/Torch MPNN additionally require mutually compatible DGL and DGL-LifeSci; those backends were not available in this audit. Installing Torch alone, or importing DeepChem successfully, does not establish those model paths.

The stable distribution exposes torch, tensorflow, jax, and dqc extras, with historical optional dependency requirements; they are not an assurance that every modern platform/backend combination resolves or executes. No [all] extra exists. The TensorFlow, JAX and quantum-chemistry routes were source-reviewed only. Check release installation docs and requirements. DeepChem attempts optional imports at package import time and can log skipped modules; it does not promise all classes are available after that import.

Bundled scripts

The primary executable end-to-end example is predict_solubility.py with a custom CSV and query SMILES: validate complete continuous targets, create 2048-bit fingerprints, scaffold-split, fit training-target normalization, train a Torch MultitaskRegressor, then print original-unit metrics and predictions. Its Python training function returns (model, test, transformers). It does not invoke the separate random-forest reference baseline or GridHyperparamOpt template.

The command prints results; it does not export split IDs, rejected-row tables or a prediction file. Bad custom rows stop loading rather than becoming a saved rejection audit. Persist data provenance, split IDs and outputs explicitly when adapting it for research. Qualitative assay/applicability assessment remains the agent's work.

Run from this skill directory with the selected environment's Python. These external-data commands are illustrative; offline synthetic fits are documented in the review. All scripts use CPU, a scaffold split, fixed epochs, and report metrics; they do not perform automatic early stopping or a hyperparameter search.

# ESOL log10(mol/L), or custom continuous targets in their declared input units.
python scripts/predict_solubility.py --epochs 50
python scripts/predict_solubility.py --data measured.csv \
  --smiles-col smiles --target-col logS --predict CCO c1ccccc1

# Model-specific graph features, including bonds where required.
python scripts/graph_neural_network.py --model dmpnn --dataset bbbp --epochs 20

# Explicit HF network + tokenizer; single complete task only.
python scripts/transfer_learning.py --model chemberta --dataset bbbp --epochs 10

The CSV guard rejects duplicate headers, non-finite labels, invalid SMILES and featurization row loss. Empty labels remain masked for compatible graph losses; custom solubility and HF training require complete targets. The shared scorer reports original-unit regression metrics and excludes undefined AUC tasks from macro means while reporting the contributing task count.

MoLFormer uses the current ibm-research/MoLFormer-XL-both-10pct repository and needs reviewed repository code plus an explicit revision. GROVER needs a local DeepChem component checkpoint and matching JSON architecture; simply creating a fresh model is not transfer learning. See references/typical_workflows.md for both recipes.

References and validation

• Core scientific workflow and executable numeric baseline
• Versioned API/representation/split/metric contracts
• Script recipes
• Search, generation, materials, sequence and custom-model workflows
• Executed review evidence and limitations